Dry eyes are caused by disruptions to the tear film resulting in a decrease in tear production. Tear films have three layers: fatty oils, mucus, and aqueous fluid. Water is for moisturizing, oil provides lubrication, and mucus supports the even spreading of tears in the eye. When there is a disruption in the tear duct, the eyes become dry. Dry eyes are evidenced by redness, blurry vision, itching sensations, or light sensitivity. For people who wear contact lenses, dry eyes can make it difficult for them to wear contacts.
There are many possible causes of dry eyes. Some of them are aging, medical conditions like Sjogren’s syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, medications like antihistamines and decongestants, allergies, and hormonal changes brought about by menopause, therapy, or pregnancy. Other causes are vitamin A deficiency and prolonged staring at computer screens without blinking.
People who experience dry eyes should consult a physician. Treatment options include eye drops, medication, lacrimal plugs, and surgery.
